Cortisol is produced at 25 mg/day by the adrenal cortex.

Cortisol is the most potent glucocorticoid.

It is like cortisol which is gluconeogenic.

Primary aldosteronism can be differentiated from the secondary causes of aldosteronism. Secondary aldosteronism is stimulated by:

Adrenal tumor, usually adenoma of the adrenal cortex.

Urine excretion of aldosterone is also increased.

Hyperaldosteronism is usually due to an adrenal tumor that has S/S of:.

Kidneys also inactivate aldosterone by changing it into water-soluble glucuronide.

The liver converts aldosterone into glucuronide and tetrahydro-glucuronide, this will be excreted in the urine.

If the person is in the lying position for several hours, then the aldosterone level will fall and maybe 10% to 40% less than the upright position.If someone is standing for a long time then his plasma aldosterone level will be between 5 to 20 ng/dL.Aldosterone is present in a very minute amount in the plasma, so difficult to measure with accuracy.It increases the plasma concentration of the Na + by increasing the Na + absorption in the renal tubules.It promotes renal K + excretion and increases water retention by increasing renal Na + retention.Aldosterone is the major Mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, 200 µg/day.Mineralocorticoid like aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium.Weight approximately = 4 grams (regardless of the age and the sex).The adrenal medulla is derived from the ectoderm.These hormones maintain the homeostasis of the body.The adrenal cortex is derived from the mesoderm.Pathophysiology of Adrenal Gland Hormones Transport the plasma on ice to the lab.Cortisol’s highest level is 8 AM and >50% less at 8 PM.THE aldosterone AM sample is higher than PM.Avoid herbal medicines and any medication which interferes with the test.Reduce stress before performing this test.Precautions before performing the Adrenal gland tests: A urine 24 hours sample is collected with the addition of boric acid.The serum needs to be frozen immediately after collection.Estrogen can be estimated in the serum.Urine 24 hours is collected with boric acid, and during collection, it is refrigerated.The patient must be upright for 2 hours before the sample is taken.Aldosterone test can be done on plasma ( heparin, EDTA, or citrate).The serum is stable for 2 days at 2 to 8 ☌.

Urine for 24 hours is collected with the addition of boric acid.Add 6 M HCl and Refrigerate during collection.

Transport this plasma on the ice and centrifuged at 4 C within 30 minutes and separate the plasma.For catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine), plasma in heparin or EDTA is needed.Adrenal Gland Hormones Sample for Adrenal Gland Hormones

Adrenal hormone secretion